BPD stands for borderline personality disorder and is a complex mental health condition. If you have BPD, you may experience intense, overwhelming emotions about yourself and others. This can make it difficult to manage relationships or your own self-identity.
What does ‘borderline’ mean?
The word ‘borderline’ was first used when doctors thought BPD was on the “border” between two other mental health problems. We now know this isn’t really true, but the name has stayed.
Many people feel the word doesn’t explain the condition very well. This is why BPD is also referred to as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) or emotional intensity disorder (EID).
On this website, we have chosen BPD as our preferred term.
What are the main signs of BPD?
BPD affects people in different ways, but common signs include:
- Very intense emotions that change quickly
- Feeling empty or numb inside
- Struggling with who you are or how you see yourself
- Fear of being abandoned or rejected
- Unstable or intense relationships
- Anger or impulsive behaviour that’s hard to control
- Thoughts of self-harm or suicide
Find out more about these signs and symptoms.
What does BPD feel like?
Having BPD can feel like your emotions are on a constant rollercoaster. One moment you might feel excited or full of energy, and the next you could feel very sad, angry or afraid. Relationships can feel confusing – you may want to be close to people but also feel like pushing them away. This can be very tiring and hard to cope with.
Find out more about living with BPD.
What causes BPD?
BPD can be caused by a number of factors including:
- Genetics
- Brain chemistry
- Childhood stress and trauma
- Unstable environments
For most people, it’s a mix of these things rather than one single cause.
Read more: What causes BPD?
What kind of treatment is available?
The main treatment for BPD is psychotherapy, also called talking therapy. The most effective therapy is dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT). This helps you manage emotions, reduce harmful behaviours and build stronger relationships with yourself and others.
Other useful therapies include:
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- Mentalisation-based therapy (MBT)
- Schema therapy
There isn’t a specific medicine for BPD, but doctors might prescribe antidepressants or other medication to help with related symptoms, such as depression.
Find out more about support and treatment for BPD.
Summary: What is BPD?
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition that affects how you see yourself, your emotions and your relationships. It can develop for different reasons, often linked to a mix of genetics, brain chemistry and early life experiences.
Living with BPD can be very tough, but with the right treatment and support, it is possible to manage symptoms and live a more stable, fulfilling life.