Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorder are two different mental health conditions. They are often confused because they both involve changes in mood and behaviour. However, the causes, symptoms and treatments are not the same.
Understanding the difference can help people get the right support and avoid delays in treatment. This guide is for young people, parents, carers, employers and anyone trying to learn more about these conditions.
Table of Contents:
What is borderline personality disorder?
Borderline personality disorder, also known as BPD, is a mental health condition that affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves. People with BPD often have intense emotions, struggle with relationships and may find it hard to manage day-to-day life.
Some common signs of BPD include:
- fear of being abandoned
- unstable relationships
- rapid changes in mood
- impulsive behaviour
- feeling empty or angry
- self-harm or suicidal thoughts
BPD often begins in teenage years or early adulthood. Many people with BPD have experienced trauma, neglect or difficulties growing up. Getting the right diagnosis is an important step toward managing the condition.
What is bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder is a separate mental health condition. It causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood swings can last days, weeks or even longer.
Symptoms of a manic episode can include:
- feeling very happy or excited
- having lots of energy
- talking quickly or feeling full of ideas
- taking risks that seem out of character
Symptoms of a depressive episode can include:
- feeling very sad or hopeless
- sleeping too much or too little
- losing interest in things
- feeling tired or empty
Bipolar disorder is not caused by one single factor. It may be linked to genetics, brain chemistry or stress. It can affect anyone at any age.
Why are BPD and bipolar disorder confused?
Both conditions can involve mood changes, risky behaviour and difficulty in relationships. This can make it hard to tell the difference, even for doctors.
However, the patterns of mood change are different. In BPD, mood shifts can happen quickly and often depend on what is going on around the person. In bipolar disorder, mood swings tend to last longer and may not be linked to specific events.
Also, people with BPD may struggle more with their sense of identity and long-term relationship patterns than people with bipolar disorder.
How are BPD and bipolar disorder treated?
Treatment for BPD and bipolar disorder is different. That is why an accurate diagnosis is so important.
BPD is often treated with talking therapies, such as:
- Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)
- Mentalisation-based therapy (MBT)
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Medication is not usually the main treatment for BPD but may help with some symptoms.
Bipolar disorder is usually treated with a mix of:
- mood stabilising medication (such as lithium)
- talking therapies
- support with sleep, routines and managing stress
With the right support, people with either condition can live full and meaningful lives.
Getting help and support
If you think you or someone you know may have BPD or bipolar disorder, it is important to speak to a GP or mental health professional. Try to write down symptoms and examples to help explain what you are going through.
Many people feel nervous or unsure about seeking help, but early support can make a big difference.
There are also charities and support groups that can help people with BPD, bipolar disorder and their families or carers.
Summary: The differences between BPD and bipolar disorder
BPD and bipolar disorder are different mental health conditions, although they may seem similar. BPD affects how people think, feel and relate to others, often with fast-changing emotions and deep fears of being abandoned. Bipolar disorder involves longer-lasting mood swings between highs and lows.
Understanding what is borderline personality disorder and how it differs from bipolar disorder helps people get the right support. If you or someone close to you is struggling, reach out for help. Support is available, and recovery is possible.
